Added 990728
Latest minor change 20030128
The copies of "Völkischer Beobachter" I saw (early 1933) were printed in the hard-to-read Gothic ("Antiqua") script preferred (as distinctively German) by Nazis.
Helmut Heiber or François Genoud apparently found a recording of the full text at the Deutsche Rundfunk-Archiv (DRA, "German Broadcasting Archive") in Frankfurt [DRA Nr. C 1144, 15 minutes 15 seconds long, approx 1330 words]. Mr. Heiber edited 37 Goebbels speeches into:
Helmut Heiber (Herausgeber), Goebbels-Reden, Band 1: 1932-1939 ("Goebbels speeches, Vol 1"), Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1971; in German, cloth, 337 pp.
This 10 May 1933 speech is Number 14, given on pp. 108-112.
"Völkischer Beobachter" | "Populist Observer" |
Ausgabe A/Norddeutsche Ausgabe | Edition A/ North-Germany Edition |
Berlin, Freitag, 12 mai 1933 | Berlin, Friday, 12 May 1933 |
Zweiter Beiblatt (Seite nicht bezeichnet) | Second additional section (page # not given) |
Der Vollzug des Volkswillens | Carrying out the Will of the People |
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Die deutsche Studentenschaft der Berliner Hochschulen hatte sich gestern zu einem Fackelzuge auf dem Hegelplatz versammelt und war geschlossen unter Mitführung von etwa 25,000 auf Lastwagen verladener Bücher und Schriften volkszerletzenden Inhalts zum Opernplatz marschiert, wo als symbolische Handlung, dieses undeutsche Schrifttum auf einem Scheiterhaufen den Flammen übergeben würde. | The German student body of the Berlin universities assembled yesterday for a torchlight procession on Hegel Platz [Plaza]. They formed up, accompanied by a truckload of 25,000 books and writings harmful to the people. The procession ended at Opera Platz, where as a symbolic act, these Un-German writings were set aflame on a pile of logs. |
Tausende und aber Tausende von Menschen wollten dem Schauspiel beiwohnen. Schon lange vor Beginn der Veranstaltung wer der Opernplatz won Menschen dicht umsäumt. Als die studentischen Formationen und Verbindungen eintrafen, wurden die von der Menge mit donnernden Heil und Jubelrufen begrüßt. | Thousands and even more thousands of men wished to attend the spectacle. Already long before the start of the event, the Opernplatz was thickly lined with people. As the student formations and associations entered, many greeted them with thundering "Heils" and shouts of rejoicing. |
Die Verbindungen nahmen dann rings um den Scheiterhaufen Ausstellung und warfen Haufen von Büchern in die Flammen. Studenten traten vor, Bücherstöße auf den Arm, und riefen die Flammensprüche: | The associations then took positions around the bonfire and threw heaps of books into the flames. Students stepped forward, piles of books in their arms, and shouted the flame verses: |
«Gegen Klassenkampf und Materialismus, für Volksgemeinschaft und idealistische Lebenshaltung!» | "Against class warfare and materialism, for the community of the people and an idealistic way of life!" |
«Gegen Dekadenz und moralischen Verfall, für Zucht und Sitte in Familie und Staat!» | "Against decadence and moral degeneracy, for decency and custom in family and government!" |
Die Schriften von Marx1 und Kautsky2, Heinrich Mann3, Gläser4, Kästner5, Emil Ludwig Cohn6, Hegemann7, Tucholsky8, Kerr9, Ossietzky10, und anderer Skribenten wurden den Flammen übergeben. | The writings of Marx1 and Kautsky2, Heinrich Mann3, Gläser4, Kästner5, Emil Ludwig Cohn6, Hegemann7, Tucholsky8, Kerr9, Ossietzky10, and other scribblers were consigned to the flames. |
Dann sprach Reichsminister Dr. Goebbels: | Then Reichsminister Dr. Goebbels spoke: |
«Das Zeitalter eines überspitzten jüdischen Intellektualismus ist zu Ende gegangen, und die deutsche Revolution hat dem deutschen Wesen wieder die Gasse freigemacht. Diese Revolution kam nicht von oben, sie ist von unten hervorgebrochen. Sie ist deshalb im besten Sinne des Wortes der Vollzug des Volkswillens. Hier steht Arbeiter neben Bürger, Student neben Soldat und Jungarbeiter, hier steht der Intellektuelle neben dem Proletarier. | "The age of an overly refined Jewish intellectualism has come to an end, and the German Revolution has made the road clear again for the German character. This revolution came not from above; it broke out from below. It is therefore in the best sense of the word the fulfilment of the will of the people. Here stands the worker by the professional, the student by the soldier and young worker, here stands the intellectual with the proletarian. |
«In den letzten vierzehn Jahren, in denen ihr, Kommilitonen, in schweigender Schmach die Demütigungen der Novemberrepublikg1 über euch ergehen lassen mußtet, füllten sich die Bibliotheken mit Schund und Schmutz jüdischer Asphaltliteraten. | "In the last fourteen years, comrades, as you have been forced in silent shame to suffer the humiliations of the November Republicg1, the libraries became filled with trash and filth from Jewish asphalt-litterateurs. |
«Während die Wissenschaft sich allmählich vom Leben isolierte, hat das junge Deutschland längst schon einen neuen fertigen Rechts- und Normalzustand wieder hergestellt. | "While academic knowledge gradually isolated itself from life, young Germany has already long prepared a new, right, and normal condition.(?) |
«Die Bewegung, die damals den Staat berannte, ist jetzt in den Staat hineinmarschiert, ja, mehr noch, sie ist selbst Staat geworden. Damit hatte der deutsche Geist eine ganz andere Wirkungsmöglichkeit bekommen. Revolutionäres Tempo, revolutionärer Elan und revolutionäre Durchschlagskraft, die die deutsche Jugend in den vergangenen Jahren erlebte, sind nun Tempo und Elan des ganzen Staates geworden. | "The movement, that formerly [competed with??] the state, has now marched into the state, indeed it has become the state. Thus the German spirit has gained an entirely different potentiality. The revolutionary tempo, revolutionary elan, and revolutionary breakthroughs that German youth experienced in past years, are now the tempo and the elan of the entire state. |
«Revolutionen, die echt sind, machen nirgends Halt. Es darf kein Gebiet unberührt bleiben. So wie sie die Menschen revolutioniert, so revolutioniert sie die Dinge. | "Revolutions that are genuine do not stop anywhere. No area can remain untouched. As men are revolutionized, so are things revolutionized. |
«Deshalb tut ihr gut daran, in dieser mitternächtlichen Stunde den Ungeist der Vergangenheit den Flammen anzuvertrauen. Hier sinkt die geistige Grundlage der Novemberrepublik zu Boden. Aber aus den Trümmern wird sich siegreich erheben der Phönix eines neuen Geistes, den wir tragen, den wir fördern, und dem wir das entscheidende Gewicht geben. | "For that reason you do well, in these midnight hours, to consign the unclean spirit of the past to the flames. Here the spiritual foundations of the November Republic sink into the ground. But out of the ruins will triumphantly rise the phoenix of a new spirit, that we will carry, that we will promote, and to which we will give decisive weight. |
«Ich glaube, niemals war wohl eine junge studentische Jugend so berechtigt wie diese, stolz auf das Leben, stolz auf die Aufgaben und stolz auf die Pflicht zu sein. Niemals hatten junge Männer so wie jetzt das Recht, mit Ulrich von Hutteng2 auszurufen, 'O Jahrhundert, o Wissenschaften, es ist eine Lust zu leben!' | "I believe there were never student youth so qualified as these, proud of life, proud of their tasks, and proud of their duty. Never have young men ever had the right so much as now to cry out, with Ulrich von Hutteng2, 'Oh Century! Oh Science! It is a joy to be alive!' |
«Barrieren, die uns trennten, sind niedergerissen. Volk hat wieder zu Volk gefunden. Und wenn die Alten das nicht verstehen, wir Jungen hatten es schon durchgeführt. | "The barriers that divided us are torn down. People have again discovered the people. And even if the old do not understand this, we young have already carried it out. |
«Das Alte liegt in den Flammen, das Neue wird aus der Flamme unseres eigenen Herzens wieder emporsteigen. Wo wir zusammenstehen, und wo wir zusammengehen, da wollen wir uns dem Reich und seiner Zukunft verpflichten. | "The old lies in the flames, but the new will arise from the flame of our own hearts. Where we stand together, and where we go together -- there we will serve the Reich and our future. |
«Wie oft in den Zeiten, da wir noch in der Opposition kämpften, so auch jetzt, da wir die Macht und damit die Verantwortung in den Händen halten, schließen wir uns zusammen in dem Gelöbnis, das wir früher so oft in den abendlichen Himmel hinaufgeschickt haben: | "As often in the times, when we still fought in the opposition, let us again, now that we have the power and thus the accountability in our hands, close ourselves together in the promise, that we earlier so often hurled into the evening sky: |
«Umleuchtet von vielen Flammen soll es ein Schwur sein! Das Reich und die Nation und unser Führer Adolf Hitler Heil!» | "Let it be an oath illuminated by many flames! Heil to the Reich and the nation and our leader Adolf Hitler!" |
Das Horst-Wessel Lied braust auf, und immer noch prasseln die Flammen, in die Stöße um Stöße der eingesammelten jüdischen Zerletzungsschriften geworfen werden. Mit dieser Kundgebung ist symbolisch der Kampf wider den undeutschen Geist, der nun seinen Weg nimmt, eingeleitet worden. Dieser Kampf wird nicht aufhören, bevor alle Deutschen wieder deutschen Geistes sind. | The Horst-Wessel song broke out, and the flames continued to crackle, in which heaps and heaps of collected Jewish poison-literature had been thrown. With this demonstration is the struggle against the Un-German spirit symbolically begun, a struggle that will now proceed. This struggle will not stop, until all Germans are again of the German spirit. |
2-- Kautsky, Karl (1854-1938)
Marxist theorist and leader in German Social-Democratic Party. Founded (1883) and edited (until 1917) Marxist review Die Zeit. His "Erfurt Program" (1891) rejected both the radicalism of Rosa Luxemburg and the evolutionary socialist doctrines ("revisionism") of Edouard Bernstein. Opposing Germany's participation in World War I, he split from the pro-war SDP. After Russia's Bolshevik revolution (1917), he broke with Lenin and the totalitarian Left, later reconciling with the German Social Democrats. In 1924-1938, he lived in Vienna.
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3-- Mann, Heinrich (1871-1950).
Novelist and essayist, best known for attacks on authoritarian social structures in Kaiser Wilhelm's Germany (pre- 1918). His novel "Professor Unrat" was made into popular film "The Blue Angel," starring Marlene Dietrich.
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4-- Gläser.
(unclear)
Most likely Ernst Glaeser (1902-1963)
Writer, eg. dramatist, reader for publisher. Denounced for pacifist and Communist views. Emigrated to Switzerland 1933, but voluntarily returned in 1939. The official Nazi blacklist for 1938 only listed his works "through 1933," so apparently he had curbed his writing in exile, in hopes of returning home. In 1941 edited German army newspaper in Sicily.
Possibly Georg (Georges) K. Glaser (1910-1995).
His coming-of-age novel "Jahrgang 1902" (translated as "Class of 1902," the year the narrator was born) still has some appeal to modern readers. It provided ample grounds for the Nazi blacklist, eg: sympathetic portraits of left-wing boys and their left-wing fathers, sarcastic put-downs of antisemites, a depressing home-front view of World War I from boys too young to fight, occasional mild hints of homosexuality (though emphatically not in the narrator), and tolerant mention of what Nazis would call "Raßenschande" -- intimate relations between working-class German women and immigrant laborers.
German-French author, fled Germany to France in 1933, as French soldier captured by Germany in WW II. Since he survived, he was probably treated as a POW rather than a traitor. (In 1933, however, he had written less to attract attention of Nazi bookburners than Ernst Glaeser had.)
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5-- Kästner, Erich (1899-1974).
Satirist, poet, and novelist, especially known for children's books.
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6-- Ludwig, Emil (1881-1948).
(No self-respecting Nazi would forget his Jewish-sounding original name Emil Cohn.) Biographer, with a flamboyant, somewhat racy, journalistic style.
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7-- Hegemann, Werner (1881-1936)
International authority on urban planning and housing policy. Some possible reasons for blacklisting:
(1) Commented on deficiencies in Germany's housing policy from a sarcastic Left-wing viewpoint.
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(2) Wrote book debunking Frederick II "The Great" (1712-1786), King of Prussia 1740-1786, a hero of Germany's nationalist Right. Among other things, WH pointed out that (a) as a spoiler preoccupied with fighting Habsburg Austria, Frederick left Germany's Western frontier undefended against French expansion, and (b) Frederick had contempt for Germany's language and culture. (This book was translated into English.)
8-- Tucholsky, Kurt (1890-1935).
Satirical essayist, poet, and critic, best known for cabaret songs. Emigrated to Paris (1924), later to Sweden (1929). Contributed to Rote Signale (1931), a collection of Communist poetry, and to "Schaubühne" (later "Weltbühne"), a journal of pacifist Karl von Ossietzky.
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9-- Kerr, Alfred (original surname Kempner?) (1867-1948).
Writer, essayist, and theatre critic.
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10-- Ossietzky, Karl von (1889-1938).
German pacifist and journalist. As Editor of Weltbühne (1927), exposed German military's violations of Versailles Treaty. Convicted of treason (1931), amnestied (1932), awarded 1935 Nobel Peace Prize. Refusing to flee after Hitler's takeover (Jan 1933), he was sent to a concentration camp, eventually released to hospitals, and died of tuberculosis in 1938.
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A more detailed list of authors publicly condemned at the 10 May bookburning was given in
Fischer, Klaus P., The History of an Obsession: German Judeophobia and the Holocaust, Continuum, New York, 1998; pp. 238-289.
g2-- Hutten, Ulrich von (1488-1523).
Humanist and political publicist.
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"Dort, wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man am Ende auch Menschen." |
"They that start by burning books will end by burning men." |
Gerhard Sauder (Herausgeber ["editor"]), Die Bücherverbrennung vom 10 mai 1933 ("The Book-burning of 10 May 1933"), Carl Hanser Verlag, 1983. A collection of contemporary documents.
[more to be added later]